Ninth century - Etruscans, Greeks, Latins settle into southern Italy
Indo-European tribes moved into the Italian Peninsula and some settled along the Tiber River creating the sity-state Rome
Remus and Romolus
Etruscans settled into northern Italy
Romans were influenced by Greek settlements to their south (alphabet, city-state organization)
Originally, Rome was a monarchy on the Etruscan model with a council of elders -"Senate"
C. 500 B>C., Romans overthrew monarchy and established a "Republic"
Since the Senate was populated only by patricians, plebeians fought for a vote in government
Each year the Senate elected two rulers, "consuls", who served a term of one year
As in the Greek city-states, Romans would appoint a single dictator in times of war
12 tables - listed all laws
Res publica - Latin means "people's business/affairs"
Democracy, Aristocracy, Monarchy - government "republic"
Romans saw fighting in war as a duty
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